Mamyrbaeva K.K., Luganov V.L. Күйдіру және балқыту технологиялары: Textbook – Almaty: New book, 2021. – 148 p.
The textbook presents the technologies of pyrometallurgical annealing and melting processes. Including the proximity of metals to oxygen, sulfur and halogens, features of dissociation, oxidation and reduction of oxides, sulfides and halogen compounds of metals, conditions of their firing, firing equipment, melting process, liquid metal, slag and slags formed during melting, theories of their design and physico-chemical properties, smelting of mineralore raw materials in various furnaces, data on the indicators of melting technology are given. In addition, cleaning and special melting processes are provided in order to obtain pure metal.