Bayaly A.T. Бағдарламаны өңдеудің құрал жабдықтары: A textbook.- Almaty: Epigraph, 2019.-212 p.
Modeling is one of the computer technologies in information processing. Abstract modeling performed using a computer, i.e. verbal, informational, mathematical models, is currently one of the information technologies. Modeling deals with the solution of applied scientific and technical (including mathematical modeling) problems.
Abstract modeling performed using a computer, that is, verbal, informational, mathematical modulation, is currently one of the information technologies, and in cognitive terms it is especially strong.