{"id":32756,"date":"2025-12-30T15:45:40","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T10:45:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library.arsu.kz\/?p=32756"},"modified":"2025-12-30T15:45:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T10:45:40","slug":"%d2%9baza%d2%9bty%d2%a3-oyu-%d3%a9rnekteri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/library.arsu.kz\/?p=32756","title":{"rendered":"\u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u043e\u044e-\u04e9\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32758 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/library.arsu.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/80.80-1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"171\" height=\"247\" \/>\u0411\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0430\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0428\u04e9\u043f\u0442\u0456\u0431\u0430\u0439<br \/>\n\u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u043e\u044e-\u04e9\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456. \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0431\u043e\u043c (1-\u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043f). \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b: &#171;\u04e8\u043d\u0435\u0440&#187;, 2006. 160 \u0431\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u043b\u044c\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0493\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0448\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u04b1\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0456\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043f, \u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u04e9\u0433\u0456\u043f \u0436\u04af\u0440\u0456\u043f \u04b1\u043b\u0442 \u04e9\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u04a3 \u0434\u04d9\u0441\u0442\u04af\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u04e9\u0437 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043e\u044e-\u04e9\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u043e\u0437\u044b\u049b \u04af\u043b\u0433\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0435\u043d\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u044e-\u04e9\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u0430\u049b\u044b\u0440\u044b\u0431\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0441 \u0430\u044f\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u0439 \u04af\u0448 \u0431\u04e9\u043b\u0456\u043c\u0433\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f \u043e\u0442\u044b\u0440. \u041e\u043b\u0430\u0440: &#171;\u041a\u0438\u0456\u043c \u0442\u04af\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u0439\u044b\u049b\u0442\u044b \u043e\u044e-\u04e9\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440&#187;, \u201c\u0422\u04b1\u0440\u043c\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u049b \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0439\u044b\u049b\u0442\u044b \u043e\u044e-\u04e9\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440&#187; 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